Thank goodness for the 1937 International C-1 Pickup. Like virtually
the rest of American industry, International Harvester Company was in
dire straits during the Great Depression of the early 1930s. Consider
that in 1929 the company produced more than 50,000 trucks, but by 1932,
that total was down to about 17,400.
One strategy IH adopted to increase sales in those dark days was to
enter the light-duty market -- a strategy that would ultimately produce
the successful 1937 International C-1 Pickup.
The pressures of time and tight money worked against creating a new
design from scratch. The answer came from Willys-Overland. In very
unstable financial condition and eager to increase sales of its light
trucks, Willys manufactured a modified version of its 1/2-ton C-113
pickup and panel trucks that International marketed as the D-1. Though
built in Willys' Toledo, Ohio, plant, the D-1 sported its own radiator
and hood styling and used a larger-displacement version of the C-113's
six-cylinder engine.
The D-1 served its intended purpose well. Thanks to its 12,200
units, calendar-year 1933 production of International trucks topped
30,100. But with Willys-Overland
now in receivership and its ability to meet International's needs uncertain, IH turned to a successor of its own design.
On the surface, the International C-1 Pickup was a completely new
truck. Cab styling was more rounded at the corners, and the
old-fashioned windshield visor of the D-1 was done away with. A vee'd
aluminum grille with a body-color shell and more-enveloping fenders with
skirts at their trailing edges were up-to-the-minute.
The 113-inch wheelbase, 213-cid six, and standard 4.18:1 axle ratio
of the D-1 were retained for the new truck, but there were significant
mechanical changes to distinguish the C-1 from its predecessor.
A longer 125-inch-wheelbase version of the chassis was added. The
propeller shaft gained roller-bearing joints, steering and brake
components were enhanced, and there were stronger springs with
redesigned shackles. The frame rails were made a half-inch deeper than
those used on the D-1.
Though displacement of the undersquare engine (3.31-inch bore by
4.13-inch stroke) was unaltered, output was increased to 78 horsepower
at 3,600 rpm, compared to 70 at 3,400 as developed in the D-1. The
compression ratio of the C-1 engine stood at 6.3:1.
Aside from the horsepower boost, the engine benefited from improved
ignition wiring. An L-head design with four main bearings, it used a
cast-iron block and solid valve lifters and breathed through a
single-throat downdraft carburetor. The engine worked through a
three-speed manual transmission activated by a floor-mounted lever.
C-1s were produced by IH at its plants in Springfield, Ohio, and
Chatham, Ontario, Canada (though the engines were manufactured by the
Wilson Foundry & Machine Company, of Pontiac, Michigan). Aside from
short-and long-bed pickups, factory-supplied bodies included panel,
open-side, and screen-side deliveries. Chassis/cowl units were
available, too, and International cataloged a "woody" station wagon with
bodies supplied by outside firms.
IH considered its factory-authorized body variations to be options,
so most stated prices are for the basic chassis/cowl. But the Standard
Catalog of American Light Duty Trucks cites a 1934 price of $545 for a
short-wheelbase pickup, which would have been $100 more than the chassis
alone. The 125-inch chassis cost $25 more than its shorter counterpart.
Apart from the arrival of hydraulic brakes in February 1936, the C-1
was produced with little change until April 1937, when it was
superseded by the D-2 series. In its three-year run, C-1 production came
to 76,820 vehicles.
The light-duty truck line proved to be a substantial part of IH's
business; in 1936, when production edged past 100,000 -- quite a jump
from dismal 1932 -- nearly a third of that total consisted of C-1s. All
the while, International was able to hold third place among American
truck producers.
The long-wheelbase pickup pictured here is one of the 6,639 C-1s
built in 1937 (274 of which came from the Canadian plant). It features
18-inch steel-spoke wheels (though wire wheels were also available) and
an extra-cost right-side taillight.
Source: auto.howstuffworks.com